3 图形

代码提供：

张洛宏 徐颖 陈宇祥 柯颖婷 黄国政

主要内容： -散点图 抖散图 箱线图 直方图 密度图 提琴图 山峦图 椭圆图 2D密度图 -图的分面 -图上标注文本

load(file = "core.Rdata")
class(core)

## [1] "tbl_df"     "tbl"        "data.frame"

3.1 ggplot2

3.1.1 散点图 抖散图 箱线图 直方图

散点图

ggplot(data=core,aes(x=height,y=weight))+
  geom_point()

#设置颜色
ggplot(data=core,
       aes(x=height,y=weight,color=gender))+
  geom_point()

抖散图

ggplot(data=core,aes(x=educ,y=log(income)))+
  geom_point()

core %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = educ, y =log(income))) +
  geom_jitter() #为每个点的位置增加了少量的随机变化，能够处理点相互重叠的问题

箱线图

ggplot(data=core,
       aes(x=educ,y=log(income),fill=stype,color=stype))+
  geom_boxplot(alpha=0.7)

## Warning: Removed 624 rows containing non-finite values (`stat_boxplot()`).

#添加标题、横纵轴标签
ggplot(data=core,
       aes(x=educ,y=log(income),fill=stype,color=stype))+
  geom_boxplot(alpha=0.7)+
  labs(x="受教育状况",y="2020年个人收入",title="受教育状况和个人收入关系分布箱线图")

## Warning: Removed 624 rows containing non-finite values (`stat_boxplot()`).

直方图

ggplot(data=core,aes(x=height))+
  geom_histogram(bins=30)

3.1.2 密度图 提琴图 山峦图 椭圆图 2D密度图

密度图

ggplot(data=core,
       aes(x=log(income),fill=educ))+
  geom_density(alpha=0.5)

## Warning: Removed 624 rows containing non-finite values (`stat_density()`).

提琴图

ggplot(data=core,
       aes(x=educ,y=log(income),fill=educ))+
  geom_violin(alpha=0.5)

## Warning: Removed 624 rows containing non-finite values (`stat_ydensity()`).

ggplot(data=core,
       aes(x=educ,y=log(income),fill=stype))+
  geom_violin(alpha=0.5)

## Warning: Removed 624 rows containing non-finite values (`stat_ydensity()`).

山峦图

x为连续变量，y为离散变量

library(ggridges)
core %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = height ,y = stype ,fill = gender)) +
  ggridges::geom_density_ridges()

## Picking joint bandwidth of 1.21

椭圆图

core %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = height, y = weight)) +
  geom_point() +
  stat_ellipse(type = "norm", level = 0.95) #level=0.95为95%置信区间

2D密度图

core %>%
  ggplot(aes(x =height , y = weight)) +
  geom_bin2d() #作长方形分块的二维直方图

3.1.3 图的分面{facet_grid() / facet_wrap()}

core %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log(income))) +
  geom_density() +
  facet_grid(. ~ stype)

## Warning: Removed 624 rows containing non-finite values (`stat_density()`).

core %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log(income), fill = gender)) +
  geom_histogram() +
  facet_grid(gender ~ .)

## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

## Warning: Removed 624 rows containing non-finite values (`stat_bin()`).

core %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log(income), y = stat(density))) +
  geom_histogram(aes(fill = stype)) +
  geom_density() +
  facet_grid(stype ~ .)

## Warning: `stat(density)` was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
## ℹ Please use `after_stat(density)` instead.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.

## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

## Warning: Removed 624 rows containing non-finite values (`stat_bin()`).
## Removed 624 rows containing non-finite values (`stat_density()`).

3.1.4 图上标注文本

#在图上用文本标注
library(ggforce)
core %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = height, y = weight)) +
  geom_point() +
  ggforce::geom_mark_ellipse(aes(
    filter = height > 1.75,
    label = "height >1.75"))

## Warning: Using the `size` aesthetic in this geom was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
## ℹ Please use `linewidth` in the `default_aes` field and elsewhere instead.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.

3.2 plotly

3.2.1 基本图形

library(plotly)

## 
## Attaching package: 'plotly'

## The following object is masked from 'package:ggplot2':
## 
##     last_plot

## The following object is masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter

## The following object is masked from 'package:graphics':
## 
##     layout

plot_ly(core, x = ~educ) %>%
  add_histogram()

plot_ly(core,x = ~height, y = ~weight)

## No trace type specified:
##   Based on info supplied, a 'scatter' trace seems appropriate.
##   Read more about this trace type -> https://plotly.com/r/reference/#scatter

## No scatter mode specifed:
##   Setting the mode to markers
##   Read more about this attribute -> https://plotly.com/r/reference/#scatter-mode